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  4. October 2011
  5. Estimating Marginal Returns to Education

American Economic Review

ISSN 0002-8282 (Print) | ISSN 1944-7981 (Online)

Estimating Marginal Returns to Education

  • Pedro Carneiro
  • James J. Heckman
  • Edward J. Vytlacil
American Economic Review
vol. 101, no. 6, October 2011
(pp. 2754–81)
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Abstract

This paper estimates marginal returns to college for individuals induced to enroll in college by different marginal policy changes. The recent instrumental variables literature seeks to estimate this parameter, but in general it does so only under strong assumptions that are tested and found wanting. We show how to utilize economic theory and local instrumental variables estimators to estimate the effect of marginal policy changes. Our empirical analysis shows that returns are higher for individuals with values of unobservables that make them more likely to attend college. We contrast our estimates with IV estimates of the return to schooling. (JEL I23, J24, J31)

Citation

Carneiro, Pedro, James J. Heckman, and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2011. "Estimating Marginal Returns to Education." American Economic Review, 101 (6): 2754–81. DOI: 10.1257/aer.101.6.2754

Additional Materials

JEL Classification

  • I23 Higher Education and Research Institutions
  • J24 Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
  • J31 Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials