JEL Classification Codes Guide
The guide provides JEL Code application guidelines, keywords, and examples of items within each classification.
The "JEL" classification system originated with the Journal of Economic Literature and is a standard method of classifying scholarly literature in the field of economics. It is used in many of the AEA's published research materials.
Use the guide to gain insight on how JEL Codes are used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers. You will also find it is helpful when adding classification codes to your own work.
Click here for printer-friendly formats of the JEL Classification System.
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O |
Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth |
| Guideline: | Covers a somewhat heterogeneous group of studies, including studies about issues related to economic development and developing economies (O1, O2), technological change and the knowledge-based economy (O3), economic growth (O4), and economywide country studies (O5). The categories for economic development and developing economies encompass many different subjects: microeconomics, macroeconomics, international economics, financial economics, and public economics, among others. Studies about economic development that have general relevance to the topics covered beyond economic development should be cross-classified under the appropriate categories in O1 or O2 and under the appropriate non-O categories. Studies about development issues related to socialist, transitional, or other economic systems should be classified under the appropriate categories in P2, P3, or P4 and should be cross-classified under the appropriate categories in O1 or O2 if they are relevant to issues related to economic development in general. |
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