Journal of Economic Perspectives
ISSN 0895-3309 (Print) | ISSN 1944-7965 (Online)
The Demographic Transition: Three Centuries of Fundamental Change
Journal of Economic Perspectives
vol. 17,
no. 4, Fall 2003
(pp. 167–190)
(Complimentary)
Abstract
The global demographic transition began around 1800 in Europe with declining mortality followed by declining fertility, trends which spread around the world and continue in this century. At the aggregate level, population size greatly increased, growth accelerated and declined with many countries now shrinking, and age distributions inevitably moved from young to old. Population aging has not yet run its course, Its effects exacerbated by declining retirement ages, straining pensions systems and prompting their reform. These aggregate demographic trends reflect profound changes in risks and behavior for individuals and families, and in the shape of the economic life cycle.Citation
Lee, Ronald. 2003. "The Demographic Transition: Three Centuries of Fundamental Change." Journal of Economic Perspectives, 17 (4): 167–190. DOI: 10.1257/089533003772034943JEL Classification
- I12 Health Production
- J11 Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
- J13 Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
- O15 Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
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