American Economic Review
ISSN 0002-8282 (Print) | ISSN 1944-7981 (Online)
The Mortality and Medical Costs of Air Pollution: Evidence from Changes in Wind Direction
American Economic Review
vol. 109,
no. 12, December 2019
(pp. 4178–4219)
Abstract
We estimate the causal effects of acute fine particulate matter exposure on mortality, health care use, and medical costs among the US elderly using Medicare data. We instrument for air pollution using changes in local wind direction and develop a new approach that uses machine learning to estimate the life-years lost due to pollution exposure. Finally, we characterize treatment effect heterogeneity using both life expectancy and generic machine learning inference. Both approaches find that mortality effects are concentrated in about 25 percent of the elderly population.Citation
Deryugina, Tatyana, Garth Heutel, Nolan H. Miller, David Molitor, and Julian Reif. 2019. "The Mortality and Medical Costs of Air Pollution: Evidence from Changes in Wind Direction." American Economic Review, 109 (12): 4178–4219. DOI: 10.1257/aer.20180279Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- I12 Health Behavior
- J14 Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-labor Market Discrimination
- Q51 Valuation of Environmental Effects
- Q53 Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling