Front Matter
(pp. i–x)
AEA Papers and Proceedings
ISSN 2574-0768 (Print) | ISSN 2574-0776 (Online)
Vol. 111, May 2021
Find articles in this issue
Foreword
(pp. xi–xii)
Editors' Introduction
(p. xiii)
Public Economics and Inequality: Uncovering Our Social Nature
(pp. 1–26)
Confederate Streets and Black-White Labor Market Differentials
(pp. 27–31)
Homefront: Black Veterans and Black Voters in the Civil Rights Era
(pp. 32–36)
On the Inequity of Predicting A While Hoping for B
(pp. 37–42)
Adaptive Correspondence Experiments
(pp. 43–48)
Measuring Racial Discrimination in Algorithms
(pp. 49–54)
Diversity in Economics Seminars: Who Gives Invited Talks?
(pp. 55–59)
Gendered Citations at Top Economic Journals
(pp. 60–64)
Confidence Men? Evidence on Confidence and Gender among Top Economists
(pp. 65–68)
Using Longitudinal Data to Explore the Gender Gap for Academic Economists
(pp. 69–73)
Gender Differences in Fields of Specialization and Placement Outcomes among PhDs in Economics
(pp. 74–79)
Does Mentoring Increase the Collaboration Networks of Female Economists? An Evaluation of the CeMENT Randomized Trial
(pp. 80–85)
Field Specializations among Beginning Economists: Are There Gender Differences?
(pp. 86–91)
Microcommitments: The Effect of Small Commitments on Student Success
(pp. 92–96)
Identifying Students at Risk Using a New Math Skills Assessment
(pp. 97–101)
Grade Sensitivity and the Economics Major at a Women's College
(pp. 102–06)
Minimum Grade Requirements for Economics Majors: Effects on Enrollments and Student Learning
(pp. 107–11)
Does Advisor Gender Affect Women's Persistence in Economics?
(pp. 112–16)
Who Belongs? The Determinants of Selective Membership into the National Bureau of Economic Research
(pp. 117–22)
Promoting Female Interest in Economics: Limits to Nudges
(pp. 123–27)
Can Positive Feedback Encourage Female and Minority Undergraduates into Economics?
(pp. 128–32)
Info.Econ: Increasing Diversity among Economics Majors
(pp. 133–37)
Women in Academic Economics: Have We Made Progress?
(pp. 138–42)
Changes in the US Gender Gap in Wages in the 1960s
(pp. 143–48)
Work-Care Balance over the Day and the Gender Wage Gap
(pp. 149–53)
Do Male and Female Students Use Networks Differently?
(pp. 154–58)
Disparities in Health Care and Medical Evaluations by Gender: A Review of Evidence and Mechanisms
(pp. 159–63)
COVID-19 Disruptions Disproportionately Affect Female Academics
(pp. 164–68)
Up the Political Ladder: Gender Parity in the Effects of Electoral Defeats
(pp. 169–73)
Information, Confidence, and the Gender Gap in Bargaining
(pp. 174–78)
The Family Origin of the Math Gender Gap Is a White Affluent Phenomenon
(pp. 179–83)
Can Women Teach Math (and Be Promoted)? A Meta-analysis of Gender Differences across Student Evaluations of Teaching
(pp. 184–89)
Gender Bias in Assessments of Teacher Performance
(pp. 190–95)
Civil Rights Enforcement and the Racial Wage Gap
(pp. 196–200)
A Model of Occupational Licensing and Statistical Discrimination
(pp. 201–05)
Intergenerational Economic Mobility and the Racial Wealth Gap
(pp. 206–10)
The Association between Wealth Inequality and Socioeconomic Outcomes
(pp. 211–15)
The Distributional Impacts of Active Labor Market Programs for Indigenous Populations
(pp. 216–20)
Gaming Opportunities: American Indian Casinos, Cash Transfers, and Income Mobility on the Reservation
(pp. 221–26)
Ownership and Trust in Banks: Evidence from the First Bank in an American Indian Nation
(pp. 227–32)
Indigenous Self-Governance and Development on American Indian Reservations
(pp. 233–37)
Custom Elections and Local Policies: The Case of Canada's First Nations
(pp. 238–42)
Appropriate Institutions? Traditional Governance and Public Goods Provision in Oaxaca, Mexico
(pp. 243–47)
Secured Transactions Laws and Economic Development on American Indian Reservations
(pp. 248–52)
Business Formation: A Tale of Two Recessions
(pp. 253–57)
Nominal Wage Adjustments during the Pandemic Recession
(pp. 258–62)
COVID-19 Shifted Patent Applications toward Technologies That Support Working from Home
(pp. 263–66)
Across the Universe: Policy Support for Employment and Revenue in the Pandemic Recession
(pp. 267–71)
Keynesian Production Networks and the COVID-19 Crisis: A Simple Benchmark
(pp. 272–76)
Sectoral Effects of Social Distancing
(pp. 277–81)
COVID-19 and Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A 2021 "Time Bomb"?
(pp. 282–86)
COVID-19 Is a Persistent Reallocation Shock
(pp. 287–91)
Financial Fragility during the COVID-19 Pandemic
(pp. 292–96)
Longevity Perceptions and Saving Decisions during the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Experimental Investigation
(pp. 297–301)
The Impact of an Epidemic: Experimental Evidence on Preference Stability from Wuhan
(pp. 302–06)
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Consumption: Learning from High-Frequency Transaction Data
(pp. 307–11)
Measuring the Impact of COVID-19 on Businesses and People: Lessons from the Census Bureau's Experience
(pp. 312–16)
Maintaining and Enhancing Labor Statistics during the COVID-19 Pandemic
(pp. 317–20)
Measuring Consumer Spending Using Card Transaction Data: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic
(pp. 321–25)
High-Frequency Data and a Weekly Economic Index during the Pandemic
(pp. 326–30)
Preparing for a Pandemic: Accelerating Vaccine Availability
(pp. 331–35)
Private and Social Returns to R&D: Drug Development and Demographics
(pp. 336–40)
Private and Public Investments in Biomedical Research
(pp. 341–45)
The Economics of Crisis Innovation Policy: A Historical Perspective
(pp. 346–50)
Adapting to the COVID-19 Pandemic
(pp. 351–55)
Behavior and the Transmission of COVID-19
(pp. 356–60)
Implied Dividend Volatility and Expected Growth
(pp. 361–65)
COVID-19 and the Costs of Deadly Disasters
(pp. 366–70)
"Placebo Tests" for the Impacts of Air Pollution on Health: The Challenge of Limited Health Care Infrastructure
(pp. 371–75)
Ambiguous Air Pollution Effects of China's COVID-19 Lock-Down
(pp. 376–80)
Environmental Protection or Environmental Protectionism? Evidence from Tail Pipe Emission Standards in China
(pp. 381–85)
The Health Impacts of Coal-Fired Power Plants in India and the Co-benefits of Greenhouse Gas Reductions
(pp. 386–90)
Carbon-Trading Pilot Programs in China and Local Air Quality
(pp. 391–95)
Industrial Energy Regulation: The Role of Business Conglomerates in China
(pp. 396–400)
Border Carbon Adjustments When Carbon Intensity Varies across Producers: Evidence from California
(pp. 401–05)
Changing Population Exposure to Pollution in China's Special Economic Zones
(pp. 406–09)
Where Is Pollution Moving? Environmental Markets and Environmental Justice
(pp. 410–14)
Cycles of Fire? Politics and Forest Burning in Indonesia
(pp. 415–19)
Indoor Air Quality, Information, and Socioeconomic Status: Evidence from Delhi
(pp. 420–24)
Estimating the Elasticity to Real-Time Pricing: Evidence from the Spanish Electricity Market
(pp. 425–29)
Low Energy: Estimating Electric Vehicle Electricity Use
(pp. 430–35)
Making Clean Firms Cleaner: Targeting Environmental Regulation to Maximize Returns
(pp. 436–39)
Machine Learning about Treatment Effect Heterogeneity: The Case of Household Energy Use
(pp. 440–44)
Union Reform, Performance Pay, and New Teacher Supply: Evidence from Wisconsin's Act 10
(pp. 445–49)
School Capital Expenditure Rules and Distribution
(pp. 450–54)
Test-Based Accountability and the Effectiveness of School Finance Reforms
(pp. 455–59)
The Common Application and Student Choice
(pp. 460–64)
Who Gets Their First Job at a Large Firm? The Distinct Roles of Education and Skills
(pp. 465–69)
Pure-Chance Jobs versus a Labor Market: The Impact on Careers of a Random Serial Dictatorship for First Job Seekers
(pp. 470–75)
Initial Industry and Long-Term Earnings Growth
(pp. 476–80)
Long-Term Employment Effects from Job Losses during the COVID-19 Crisis? A Comparison to the Great Recession and Its Slow Recovery
(pp. 481–85)
Disability Insurance in the Great Recession: Ease of Access, Program Enrollment, and Local Hysteresis
(pp. 486–90)
Wage Insurance and Labor Market Trajectories
(pp. 491–95)
Working for Your Bread: The Labor Supply Effects of SNAP
(pp. 496–500)
Jackson, the Bank War, and the Legacy of the Second Bank of the United States
(pp. 501–07)
Off the Rails: The Real Effects of Railroad Bond Defaults following the Panic of 1873
(pp. 508–13)
How Contagious Was the Panic of 1907? New Evidence from Trust Company Stocks
(pp. 514–19)
Trends in US Spatial Inequality: Concentrating Affluence and a Democratization of Poverty
(pp. 520–25)
Local Industrial Policy and Sectoral Hubs
(pp. 526–31)
Could Gentrification Stop the Poor from Benefiting from Urban Improvements?
(pp. 532–37)
Arrow Meets Hotelling: Modeling Spatial Innovation
(pp. 538–43)
Learning and Corruption on Monitoring Chains
(pp. 544–48)
Constrained Retrospective Search
(pp. 549–53)
Product Proliferation under Rational Inattention: Application to Health Insurance
(pp. 554–59)
Can Automatic Retention Improve Health Insurance Market Outcomes?
(pp. 560–66)
Friend-Based Ranking in Practice
(pp. 567–71)
Urban Networks and Targeting: Evidence from Liberia
(pp. 572–76)
The Effects of Prize Structures on Innovative Performance
(pp. 577–81)
Common Ownership and Entrepreneurship
(pp. 582–86)
The Life Cycle of Businesses and Their Internal Organization
(pp. 587–92)
Immigration Enforcement and the Hiring of Low-Skilled Labor
(pp. 593–97)
Hurricane Maria and La Crisis Boricua on Health-Care Supply in Puerto Rico
(pp. 598–601)
Pandemic Protocols, Native Nutrition: Grocery Store Access from American Indian Reservations during COVID-19
(pp. 602–06)
Investor Herding and Spillovers in African Debt Markets
(pp. 607–10)
Inference for Support Vector Regression under ℓ1 Regularization
(pp. 611–15)
The Proximal Bootstrap for Finite-Dimensional Regularized Estimators
(pp. 616–20)
Adversarial Inference Is Efficient
(pp. 621–25)
Estimation and Inference by Stochastic Optimization: Three Examples
(pp. 626–30)
Minutes of the Annual Business Meeting via Zoom, January 3, 2021
(pp. 633–36)
Report of the Secretary
(pp. 637–41)
Report of the Treasurer
(pp. 642–46)
American Economic Association 2020–2021 Universal Academic Questionnaire Summary Statistics
(pp. 647–49)
List of Online Reports
(p. 650)
Minutes of the Meeting of Executive Committee, via Zoom, April 24, 2020
(pp. 651–58)
Minutes of the Meeting of Executive Committee, via Zoom, January 2, 2021
(pp. 659–68)
Report of the Editor: American Economic Review
(pp. 669–85)
Report of the Editor: American Economic Review: Insights
(pp. 686–93)
Report of the Editor: Journal of Economic Literature
(pp. 694–97)
Report of the Editor: Journal of Economic Perspectives
(pp. 698–700)
Report of the Editor: American Economic Journal: Applied Economics
(pp. 701–07)
Report of the Editor: American Economic Journal: Economic Policy
(pp. 708–17)
Report of the Editor: American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics
(pp. 718–24)
Report of the Editor: American Economic Journal: Microeconomics
(pp. 725–31)
Report: Job Openings for Economists
(pp. 732–34)
Report: Committee on Economic Education
(pp. 735–41)
Report: Committee on the Status of Women in the Economics Profession (CSWEP)
(pp. 742–63)
Report: Committee on the Status of Minority Groups in the Economics Profession (CSMGEP)
(pp. 764–79)
Report: Committee on Status of LGBTQ+ Individuals in the Economics Profession (CSQIEP)
(pp. 780–81)
Report: American Economic Association Committee on Statistics (AEAStat)
(pp. 782–84)
Report: Committee on Government Relations (CGR)
(pp. 785–86)
Report of the Task Force on Best Practices for Professional Conduct in Economics
(pp. 787–88)
Report of the Task Force on Outreach to High School and Undergraduate Students in Economics
(pp. 789–800)
Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the Job Market
(pp. 801–02)
Report of the AEA Ombudsperson
(pp. 803–06)
Report of the Search Committee for the Editor for the Journal of Economic Perspectives
(p. 807)
Report by the AEA Data Editor
(pp. 808–17)
AEA Data and Code Availability Policy
(pp. 818–23)
Best Practices for Economists: Building a More Diverse, Inclusive, and Productive Profession
(pp. 824–59)