American Economic Review
ISSN 0002-8282 (Print) | ISSN 1944-7981 (Online)
Why Being Wrong Can Be Right: Magical Warfare Technologies and the Persistence of False Beliefs
American Economic Review
vol. 107,
no. 5, May 2017
(pp. 582–87)
Abstract
Across human societies, one sees many examples of deeply rooted and widely held beliefs that are almost certainly untrue. Examples include beliefs about witchcraft, magic, ordeals, and superstitions. Why are such incorrect beliefs so prevalent and how do they persist? We consider this question through an examination of superstitions and magic associated with conflict in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Focusing on superstitions related to bullet-proofing, we provide theory and case-study evidence showing how these incorrect beliefs persist. Although harmful at the individual-level, we show that they generate Pareto efficient outcomes that have group-level benefits.Citation
Nunn, Nathan, and Raul Sanchez de la Sierra. 2017. "Why Being Wrong Can Be Right: Magical Warfare Technologies and the Persistence of False Beliefs." American Economic Review, 107 (5): 582–87. DOI: 10.1257/aer.p20171091Additional Materials
JEL Classification
- D74 Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions
- D83 Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
- O17 Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
- Z13 Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification