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Asset Pricing: Behavioral

Paper Session

Friday, Jan. 5, 2024 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM (CST)

Marriott Rivercenter, Grand Ballroom Salon A
Hosted By: American Finance Association
  • Chair: Marianne Andries, University of Southern California

Investor Memory and Biased Beliefs: Evidence from the Field

Zhengyang Jiang
,
Northwestern University
Hongqi Liu
,
Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen
Cameron Peng
,
London School of Economics
Hongjun Yan
,
DePaul University

Abstract

We survey a large representative sample of retail investors to elicit their memories of stock market investment and return expectations. We then merge the survey data with administrative data of transactions to test a model in which investors form expectations by selectively recalling past experiences similar to the present cue. Our analysis not only uncovers new stylized facts about investor memory, but also provides support for similarity-based recall as a key mechanism of belief formation in financial markets. Market fluctuations affect investors’ recall: positive market returns cue investors to retrieve episodes of rising markets and recall own performances more positively. Recalled experiences explain a sizable fraction of cross-investor variation in beliefs and dominate actual experiences in explanatory power. We also show that recalled experiences can drive out the explanatory power of recent returns for expected future returns, ruling in a memory-based foundation for return extrapolation.

The Cryptocurrency Participation Puzzle

Ran Duchin
,
Boston College
David Solomon
,
Boston College
Jun Tu
,
Singapore Management University
Xi Wang
,
Peking University

Abstract

Ongoing zero portfolio weights in cryptocurrency are surprisingly difficult to generate in a Bayesian portfolio theory framework. With ten years of prior data, equity investors would need very pessimistic priors on mean returns to never buy cryptocurrency: -10.6% per month for Bitcoin, and -19.6% for a diversified cryptocurrency portfolio. Most priors that involve never purchasing cryptocurrency imply shorting it. Optimal weights are generally small, non-trivial (1-5% magnitude), frequently positive, and smooth. The certainty equivalent gains from cryptocurrency are comparable to international diversification and exceed the size anomaly. Costs (storage, fees) would need to exceed 21-39% per year to deter trading.

Consumption out of Fictitious Capital Gains and Selective Inattention

Benjamin Loos
,
University of New South Wales
Steffen Meyer
,
University of Southern Denmark
Michaela Pagel
,
Columbia University

Abstract

Do retail investors’ behavioral biases in trading affect their consumption? We exploit a natural
experiment that changed the displayed purchase prices in investors’ online portfolios. We find that
investors readily sell and consume “fictitious” capital gains: displayed capital gains based on the new
purchase prices that are truly capital losses based on the actual purchase prices. We argue that investors
are selectively inattentive: they sell more fictitious winners when fictitious gains are larger and actual
losses are smaller, they sell them even when actual purchase prices are very salient, but they notice
fictitious losers, treating them the same as actual winners.

The Cross-Section of Subjective Expectations: Understanding Prices and Anomalies

Ricardo De la O
,
University of Southern California
Xiao Han
,
City University of London
Sean Myers
,
University of Pennsylvania

Abstract

We propose a structural model of constant gain learning about future earnings growth that incorporates preferences for the timing of cash flows. As implied by the model, a cross-sectional decomposition using survey forecasts shows that high price-earnings ratios are accounted for by both low expected returns and overly high expected earnings growth. The model quantitatively matches a number of asset pricing moments, as learning about growth interacts strongly with the preference for the timing of cash flows, and provides insights on the roles of risk premia and mispricing in the cross-section of stocks. The magnitudes and timing of the comovement between prices, earnings growth surprises, and anomaly returns are all consistent with a gradual learning process rather than expectations being highly sensitive to the most recent realization. Large earnings growth surprises do not immediately translate into large one-period returns, but instead are gradually reflected in future returns over time.

Discussant(s)
Peter Maxted
,
University of California-Berkeley
Amin Shams
,
Ohio State University
Alberto Rossi
,
Georgetown University
Cameron Peng
,
London School of Economics
JEL Classifications
  • G1 - General Financial Markets