JEL Classification System / EconLit Subject Descriptors
The JEL classification system was developed for use in the Journal of Economic Literature (JEL), and is a standard method of classifying scholarly literature in the field of economics. The system is used to classify articles, dissertations, books, book reviews, and working papers in EconLit, and in many other applications. For descriptions and examples, see the JEL Codes Guide.
| JEL Format (Hierarchical) | EconLit Format (Non-Hierarchical) |
| View | View |
| Printer-friendly | Printer-friendly |
| XML | XML |
All changes since 2023-11-01 are noted below.
‡ = New Classification
† = Updated Classification
| A00 | General Economics and Teaching |
| A10 | General Economics: General |
| A11 | Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists |
| A12 | Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines |
| A13 | Relation of Economics to Social Values |
| A14 | Sociology of Economics |
| A19 | General Economics: Other |
| A20 | Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: General |
| A21 | Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Pre-college |
| A22 | Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Undergraduate |
| A23 | Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Graduate |
| A29 | Economic Education and Teaching of Economics: Other |
| A30 | Collective Works: General |
| A31 | Collected Writings of Individuals |
| A32 | Collective Volumes |
| A33 | Handbooks |
| A39 | Collective Works: Other |
| B00 | History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches |
| B10 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: General |
| B11 | History of Economic Thought: Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic) |
| B12 | History of Economic Thought: Classical (includes Adam Smith) |
| B13 | History of Economic Thought: Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Wicksellian) |
| B14 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: Socialist; Marxist |
| B15 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary |
| B16 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: Quantitative and Mathematical |
| B17 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: International Trade and Finance |
| B19 | History of Economic Thought through 1925: Other |
| B20 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: General |
| B21 | History of Economic Thought: Microeconomics |
| B22 | History of Economic Thought: Macroeconomics |
| B23 | History of Economic Thought: Quantitative and Mathematical |
| B24 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian |
| B25 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian; Stockholm School |
| B26 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: Financial Economics |
| B27 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: International Trade and Finance |
| B29 | History of Economic Thought since 1925: Other |
| B30 | History of Economic Thought: Individuals: General |
| B31 | History of Economic Thought: Individuals |
| B32 | Obituaries |
| B40 | Economic Methodology: General |
| B41 | Economic Methodology |
| B49 | Economic Methodology: Other |
| B50 | Current Heterodox Approaches: General |
| B51 | Current Heterodox Approaches: Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian |
| B52 | Current Heterodox Approaches: Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Modern Monetary Theory |
| B53 | Current Heterodox Approaches: Austrian |
| B54 | Feminist Economics |
| B55 | Social Economics |
| B59 | Current Heterodox Approaches: Other |
| C00 | Mathematical and Quantitative Methods: General |
| C01 | Econometrics |
| C02 | Mathematical Methods |
| C10 | Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General |
| C11 | Bayesian Analysis: General |
| C12 | Hypothesis Testing: General |
| C13 | Estimation: General |
| C14 | Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General |
| C15 | Statistical Simulation Methods: General |
| C18 | Methodological Issues: General |
| C19 | Econometric and Statistical Methods: Other |
| C20 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: General |
| C21 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions |
| C22 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes |
| C23 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models |
| C24 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models; Threshold Regression Models |
| C25 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions; Probabilities |
| C26 | Single Equation Models: Single Variables: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation |
| C29 | Single Equation Models; Single Variables: Other |
| C30 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: General |
| C31 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models |
| C32 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes; State Space Models |
| C33 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Panel Data Models; Spatio-temporal Models |
| C34 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models |
| C35 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions |
| C36 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation |
| C38 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Classification Methods; Cluster Analysis; Principal Components; Factor Models |
| C39 | Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables: Other |
| C40 | Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: General |
| C41 | Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies |
| C42 | Classification Discontinued 2008. See C83. |
| C43 | Index Numbers and Aggregation; Leading indicators |
| C44 | Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory |
| C45 | Neural Networks and Related Topics |
| C46 | Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics |
| C49 | Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics: Other |
| C50 | Econometric Modeling: General |
| C51 | Model Construction and Estimation |
| C52 | Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection |
| C53 | Forecasting Models; Simulation Methods |
| C54 | Quantitative Policy Modeling |
| C55 | Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis |
| C57 | Econometrics of Games and Auctions |
| C58 | Financial Econometrics |
| C59 | Econometric Modeling: Other |
| C60 | Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling: General |
| C61 | Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis |
| C62 | Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium |
| C63 | Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling |
| C65 | Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools |
| C67 | Input-Output Models |
| C68 | Computable General Equilibrium Models |
| C69 | Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling: Other |
| C70 | Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General |
| C71 | Cooperative Games |
| C72 | Noncooperative Games |
| C73 | Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games |
| C78 | Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory |
| C79 | Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: Other |
| C80 | Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: General |
| C81 | Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access |
| C82 | Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Access |
| C83 | Survey Methods; Sampling Methods |
| C87 | Econometric Software |
| C88 | Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other Computer Software |
| C89 | Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: Other |
| C90 | Design of Experiments: General |
| C91 | Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Individual |
| C92 | Design of Experiments: Laboratory, Group Behavior |
| C93 | Field Experiments |
| C99 | Design of Experiments: Other |
| D00 | Microeconomics: General |
| D01 | Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles |
| D02 | Institutions: Design, Formation, Operations, and Impact |
| D04 | Microeconomic Policy: Formulation, Implementation, and Evaluation |
| D10 | Household Behavior: General |
| D11 | Consumer Economics: Theory |
| D12 | Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis |
| D13 | Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation |
| D14 | Household Saving; Personal Finance |
| D15 | Intertemporal Household Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving |
| D16 | Collaborative Consumption |
| D18 | Consumer Protection |
| D19 | Household Behavior and Family Economics: Other |
| D20 | Production and Organizations: General |
| D21 | Firm Behavior: Theory |
| D22 | Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis |
| D23 | Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights |
| D24 | Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity |
| D25 | Intertemporal Firm Choice: Investment, Capacity, and Financing |
| D26 | Crowd-Based Firms |
| D29 | Production and Organizations: Other |
| D30 | Distribution: General |
| D31 | Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions |
| D33 | Factor Income Distribution |
| D39 | Distribution: Other |
| D40 | Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: General |
| D41 | Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Perfect Competition |
| D42 | Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Monopoly |
| D43 | Market Structure, Pricing, and Design: Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection |
| D44 | Auctions |
| D45 | Rationing; Licensing |
| D46 | Value Theory |
| D47 | Market Design |
| D49 | Market Structure and Pricing: Other |
| D50 | General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: General |
| D51 | Exchange and Production Economies |
| D52 | Incomplete Markets |
| D53 | General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Financial Markets |
| D57 | General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Input-Output Tables and Analysis |
| D58 | Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models |
| D59 | General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium: Other |
| D60 | Welfare Economics: General |
| D61 | Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis |
| D62 | Externalities |
| D63 | Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement |
| D64 | Altruism; Philanthropy; Intergenerational Transfers |
| D69 | Welfare Economics: Other |
| D70 | Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: General |
| D71 | Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations |
| D72 | Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior |
| D73 | Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption |
| D74 | Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances; Revolutions |
| D78 | Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation |
| D79 | Analysis of Collective Decision-Making: Other |
| D80 | Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty: General |
| D81 | Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty |
| D82 | Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design |
| D83 | Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness |
| D84 | Expectations; Speculations |
| D85 | Network Formation and Analysis: Theory |
| D86 | Economics of Contract: Theory |
| D87 | Neuroeconomics |
| D89 | Information and Uncertainty: Other |
| D90 | Micro-Based Behavioral Economics: General |
| D91 | Micro-Based Behavioral Economics: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making |
| E00 | Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics: General |
| E01 | Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts |
| E02 | Institutions and the Macroeconomy |
| E10 | General Aggregative Models: General |
| E11 | General Aggregative Models: Marxian; Sraffian; Kaleckian |
| E12 | General Aggregative Models: Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian; Modern Monetary Theory |
| E13 | General Aggregative Models: Neoclassical |
| E14 | Austrian; Evolutionary; Institutional |
| E16 | General Aggregative Models: Social Accounting Matrix |
| E17 | General Aggregative Models: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| E19 | General Aggregative Models: Other |
| E20 | Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: General (includes Measurement and Data) |
| E21 | Macroeconomics: Consumption; Saving; Wealth |
| E22 | Investment; Capital; Intangible Capital; Capacity |
| E23 | Macroeconomics: Production |
| E24 | Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital; Aggregate Labor Productivity |
| E25 | Aggregate Factor Income Distribution |
| E26 | Informal Economy; Underground Economy |
| E27 | Macroeconomics: Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| E29 | Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy: Other |
| E30 | Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: General (includes Measurement and Data) |
| E31 | Price Level; Inflation; Deflation |
| E32 | Business Fluctuations; Cycles |
| E37 | Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| E39 | Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles: Other |
| E40 | Money and Interest Rates: General |
| E41 | Demand for Money |
| E42 | Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems |
| E43 | Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects |
| E44 | Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy |
| E47 | Money and Interest Rates: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| E49 | Money and Interest Rates: Other |
| E50 | Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General |
| E51 | Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers |
| E52 | Monetary Policy |
| E58 | Central Banks and Their Policies |
| E59 | Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: Other |
| E60 | Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General |
| E61 | Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination |
| E62 | Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory |
| E63 | Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy |
| E64 | Incomes Policy; Price Policy |
| E65 | Studies of Particular Policy Episodes |
| E66 | General Outlook and Conditions |
| E69 | Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: Other |
| E70 | Macro-Based Behavioral Economics: General |
| E71 | Macro-Based Behavioral Economics: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on the Macro Economy |
| F00 | International Economics: General |
| F01 | Global Outlook |
| F02 | International Economic Order and Integration |
| F10 | Trade: General |
| F11 | Neoclassical Models of Trade |
| F12 | Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies; Fragmentation |
| F13 | Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations |
| F14 | Empirical Studies of Trade |
| F15 | Economic Integration |
| F16 | Trade and Labor Market Interactions |
| F17 | Trade: Forecasting and Simulation |
| F18 | Trade and Environment |
| F19 | Trade: Other |
| F20 | International Factor Movements and International Business: General |
| F21 | International Investment; Long-term Capital Movements |
| F22 | International Migration |
| F23 | Multinational Firms; International Business |
| F24 | Remittances |
| F29 | International Factor Movements: Other |
| F30 | International Finance: General |
| F31 | Foreign Exchange |
| F32 | Current Account Adjustment; Short-term Capital Movements |
| F33 | International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions |
| F34 | International Lending and Debt Problems |
| F35 | Foreign Aid |
| F36 | Financial Aspects of Economic Integration |
| F37 | International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| F38 | International Financial Policy: Financial Transactions Tax; Capital Controls |
| F39 | International Finance: Other |
| F40 | Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: General |
| F41 | Open Economy Macroeconomics |
| F42 | International Policy Coordination and Transmission |
| F43 | Economic Growth of Open Economies |
| F44 | International Business Cycles |
| F45 | Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions |
| F47 | Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications |
| F49 | Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance: Other |
| F50 | International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy: General |
| F51 | International Conflicts; Negotiations; Sanctions |
| F52 | National Security; Economic Nationalism |
| F53 | International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations |
| F54 | Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism |
| F55 | International Institutional Arrangements |
| F59 | International Relations and International Political Economy: Other |
| F60 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: General |
| F61 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Microeconomic Impacts |
| F62 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Macroeconomic Impacts |
| F63 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Economic Development |
| F64 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Environment |
| F65 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Finance |
| F66 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Labor |
| F68 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Policy |
| F69 | Economic Impacts of Globalization: Other |
| G00 | Financial Economics: General |
| G01 | Financial Crises |
| G10 | Asset Markets and Pricing |
| G11 | Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions |
| G12 | Equities; Fixed Income Securities |
| G13 | Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing; option pricing |
| G14 | Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading |
| G15 | International Financial Markets |
| G17 | Financial Forecasting and Simulation |
| G18 | General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation |
| G19 | General Financial Markets: Other |
| G20 | Financial Institutions and Services: General |
| G21 | Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages |
| G22 | Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies |
| G23 | Pension Funds; Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors |
| G24 | Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies |
| G28 | Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation |
| G29 | Financial Institutions and Services: Other |
| G30 | Corporate Finance and Governance: General |
| G31 | Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity |
| G32 | Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill |
| G33 | Bankruptcy; Liquidation |
| G34 | Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Voting; Proxy Contests; Corporate Governance |
| G35 | Payout Policy |
| G38 | Corporate Finance and Governance: Government Policy and Regulation |
| G39 | Corporate Finance and Governance: Other |
| G40 | Behavioral Finance: General |
| G41 | Behavioral Finance: Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets |
| G50 | Household Finance: General |
| G51 | Household Saving, Borrowing, Debt, and Wealth |
| G52 | Household Finance: Insurance |
| G53 | Household Finance: Financial Literacy |
| G59 | Household Finance: Other |
| H00 | Public Economics: General |
| H10 | Structure and Scope of Government: General |
| H11 | Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government |
| H12 | Crisis Management |
| H13 | Economics of Eminent Domain; Expropriation; Nationalization |
| H19 | Structure and Scope of Government: Other |
| H20 | Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General |
| H21 | Taxation and Subsidies: Efficiency; Optimal Taxation |
| H22 | Taxation and Subsidies: Incidence |
| H23 | Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies |
| H24 | Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; includes inheritance and gift taxes |
| H25 | Business Taxes and Subsidies including sales and value-added (VAT) |
| H26 | Tax Evasion and Avoidance |
| H27 | Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenues: Other Sources of Revenue |
| H29 | Taxation and Subsidies: Other |
| H30 | Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: General |
| H31 | Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Household |
| H32 | Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Firm |
| H39 | Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents: Other |
| H40 | Publicly Provided Goods: General |
| H41 | Public Goods |
| H42 | Publicly Provided Private Goods |
| H43 | Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate |
| H44 | Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets |
| H49 | Publicly Provided Goods: Other |
| H50 | National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General |
| H51 | National Government Expenditures and Health |
| H52 | National Government Expenditures and Education |
| H53 | National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs |
| H54 | National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock |
| H55 | Social Security and Public Pensions |
| H56 | National Security and War |
| H57 | National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Procurement |
| H59 | National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Other |
| H60 | National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: General |
| H61 | National Budget; Budget Systems |
| H62 | National Deficit; Surplus |
| H63 | National Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt |
| H68 | Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt |
| H69 | National Budget, Deficit, and Debt: Other |
| H70 | State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: General |
| H71 | State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue |
| H72 | State and Local Budget and Expenditures |
| H73 | State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects |
| H74 | State and Local Borrowing |
| H75 | State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions |
| H76 | State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories |
| H77 | Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession |
| H79 | State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations: Other |
| H80 | Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: General |
| H81 | Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts |
| H82 | Governmental Property |
| H83 | Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits |
| H84 | Disaster Aid |
| H87 | International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods |
| H89 | Public Economics: Miscellaneous Issues: Other |
| I00 | Health, Education, and Welfare: General |
| I10 | Health: General |
| I11 | Analysis of Health Care Markets |
| I12 | Health Behavior |
| I13 | Health Insurance, Public and Private |
| I14 | Health and Inequality |
| I15 | Health and Economic Development |
| I18 | Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health |
| I19 | Health: Other |
| I20 | Education and Research Institutions: General |
| I21 | Analysis of Education |
| I22 | Educational Finance; Financial Aid |
| I23 | Higher Education; Research Institutions |
| I24 | Education and Inequality |
| I25 | Education and Economic Development |
| I26 | Returns to Education |
| I28 | Education: Government Policy |
| I29 | Education: Other |
| I30 | Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General |
| I31 | General Welfare; Well-Being |
| I32 | Measurement and Analysis of Poverty |
| I38 | Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs |
| I39 | Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: Other |
| J00 | Labor and Demographic Economics: General |
| J01 | Labor Economics: General |
| J08 | Labor Economics Policies |
| J10 | Demographic Economics: General |
| J11 | Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts |
| J12 | Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse |
| J13 | Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth |
| J14 | Economics of the Elderly; Economics of Disability; Non-labor Market Discrimination† |
| J15 | Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination |
| J16 | Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination |
| J17 | Value of Life; Forgone Income |
| J18 | Demographic Economics: Public Policy |
| J19 | Demographic Economics: Other |
| J20 | Demand and Supply of Labor: General |
| J21 | Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure |
| J22 | Time Allocation and Labor Supply |
| J23 | Labor Demand |
| J24 | Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity |
| J26 | Retirement; Retirement Policies |
| J28 | Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy |
| J29 | Time Allocation, Work Behavior, and Employment Determination: Other |
| J30 | Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General |
| J31 | Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials |
| J32 | Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions |
| J33 | Compensation Packages; Payment Methods |
| J38 | Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Public Policy |
| J39 | Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: Other |
| J40 | Particular Labor Markets: General |
| J41 | Labor Contracts |
| J42 | Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets |
| J43 | Agricultural Labor Markets |
| J44 | Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing |
| J45 | Public Sector Labor Markets |
| J46 | Informal Labor Markets |
| J47 | Coercive Labor Markets |
| J48 | Particular Labor Markets: Public Policy |
| J49 | Particular Labor Markets: Other |
| J50 | Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: General |
| J51 | Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects |
| J52 | Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining |
| J53 | Labor-Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence |
| J54 | Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership |
| J58 | Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Public Policy |
| J59 | Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other |
| J60 | Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers: General |
| J61 | Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers |
| J62 | Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility; Promotion |
| J63 | Labor Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs |
| J64 | Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search |
| J65 | Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings |
| J68 | Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy |
| J69 | Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Other |
| J70 | Labor Discrimination: General |
| J71 | Labor Discrimination |
| J78 | Labor Discrimination: Public Policy |
| J79 | Labor Discrimination: Other |
| J80 | Labor Standards: General |
| J81 | Labor Standards: Working Conditions |
| J82 | Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition |
| J83 | Labor Standards: Workers' Rights |
| J88 | Labor Standards: Public Policy |
| J89 | Labor Standards: Other |
| K00 | Law and Economics: General |
| K10 | Basic Areas of Law: General (Constitutional Law) |
| K11 | Property Law |
| K12 | Contract Law |
| K13 | Tort Law and Product Liability; Forensic Economics |
| K14 | Criminal Law |
| K15 | Civil Law; Common Law |
| K16 | Election Law |
| K19 | Basic Areas of Law: Other |
| K20 | Regulation and Business Law: General |
| K21 | Antitrust Law |
| K22 | Business and Securities Law |
| K23 | Regulated Industries and Administrative Law |
| K24 | Cyber Law |
| K25 | Real Estate Law |
| K29 | Regulation and Business Law: Other |
| K30 | Other Substantive Areas of Law: General |
| K31 | Labor Law |
| K32 | Energy, Environmental, Health, and Safety Law |
| K33 | International Law |
| K34 | Tax Law |
| K35 | Personal Bankruptcy Law |
| K36 | Family and Personal Law |
| K37 | Immigration Law |
| K38 | Human Rights Law; Gender Law; Animal Rights Law |
| K39 | Other Substantive Areas of Law: Other |
| K40 | Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General |
| K41 | Litigation Process |
| K42 | Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law |
| K49 | Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: Other |
| L00 | Industrial Organization: General |
| L10 | Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: General |
| L11 | Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms |
| L12 | Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies |
| L13 | Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets |
| L14 | Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks |
| L15 | Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility |
| L16 | Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices |
| L17 | Open Source Products and Markets |
| L19 | Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance: Other |
| L20 | Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: General |
| L21 | Business Objectives of the Firm |
| L22 | Firm Organization and Market Structure |
| L23 | Organization of Production |
| L24 | Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing |
| L25 | Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope |
| L26 | Entrepreneurship |
| L29 | Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior: Other |
| L30 | Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General |
| L31 | Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs; Social Entrepreneurship |
| L32 | Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises |
| L33 | Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out |
| L38 | Public Policy |
| L39 | Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: Other |
| L40 | Antitrust Issues and Policies: General |
| L41 | Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices |
| L42 | Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts |
| L43 | Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation |
| L44 | Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations |
| L49 | Antitrust Policy: Other |
| L50 | Regulation and Industrial Policy: General |
| L51 | Economics of Regulation |
| L52 | Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods |
| L53 | Enterprise Policy |
| L59 | Regulation and Industrial Policy: Other |
| L60 | Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General |
| L61 | Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics |
| L62 | Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment; Related Parts and Equipment |
| L63 | Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment |
| L64 | Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments |
| L65 | Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology; Plastics |
| L66 | Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits |
| L67 | Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment |
| L68 | Appliances; Furniture; Other Consumer Durables |
| L69 | Industry Studies: Manufacturing: Other |
| L70 | Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: General |
| L71 | Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels |
| L72 | Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources |
| L73 | Forest Products |
| L74 | Construction |
| L78 | Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Government Policy |
| L79 | Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: Other |
| L80 | Industry Studies: Services: General |
| L81 | Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce |
| L82 | Entertainment; Media |
| L83 | Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism |
| L84 | Personal, Professional, and Business Services |
| L85 | Real Estate Services |
| L86 | Information and Internet Services; Computer Software |
| L87 | Postal and Delivery Services |
| L88 | Industry Studies: Services: Government Policy |
| L89 | Industry Studies: Services: Other |
| L90 | Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities: General |
| L91 | Transportation: General |
| L92 | Railroads and Other Surface Transportation |
| L93 | Air Transportation |
| L94 | Electric Utilities |
| L95 | Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities |
| L96 | Telecommunications |
| L97 | Utilities: General |
| L98 | Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Government Policy |
| L99 | Industry Studies: Utilities and Transportation: Other |
| M00 | Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics: General |
| M10 | Business Administration: General |
| M11 | Production Management |
| M12 | Personnel Management; Executives; Executive Compensation |
| M13 | New Firms; Startups |
| M14 | Corporate Culture; Diversity; Social Responsibility |
| M15 | IT Management |
| M16 | International Business Administration |
| M19 | Business Administration: Other |
| M20 | Business Economics: General |
| M21 | Business Economics |
| M29 | Business Economics: Other |
| M30 | Marketing and Advertising: General |
| M31 | Marketing |
| M37 | Advertising |
| M38 | Marketing and Advertising: Government Policy and Regulation |
| M39 | Marketing and Advertising: Other |
| M40 | Accounting and Auditing: General |
| M41 | Accounting |
| M42 | Auditing |
| M48 | Accounting and Auditing: Government Policy and Regulation |
| M49 | Accounting: Other |
| M50 | Personnel Economics: General |
| M51 | Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions |
| M52 | Personnel Economics: Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects |
| M53 | Personnel Economics: Training |
| M54 | Personnel Economics: Labor Management |
| M55 | Personnel Economics: Labor Contracting Devices |
| M59 | Personnel Economics: Other |
| N00 | Economic History: General |
| N01 | Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods |
| N10 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: General, International, or Comparative |
| N11 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N12 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N13 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N14 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Europe: 1913- |
| N15 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Asia including Middle East |
| N16 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N17 | Economic History: Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations: Africa; Oceania |
| N20 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: General, International, or Comparative |
| N21 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N22 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N23 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N24 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Europe: 1913- |
| N25 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Asia including Middle East |
| N26 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N27 | Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Africa; Oceania |
| N30 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: General, International, or Comparative |
| N31 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N32 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N33 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N34 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Europe: 1913- |
| N35 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Asia including Middle East |
| N36 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N37 | Economic History: Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy: Africa; Oceania |
| N40 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: General, International, or Comparative |
| N41 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N42 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N43 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N44 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Europe: 1913- |
| N45 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Asia including Middle East |
| N46 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N47 | Economic History: Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation: Africa; Oceania |
| N50 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: General, International, or Comparative |
| N51 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N52 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N53 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N54 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Europe: 1913- |
| N55 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Asia including Middle East |
| N56 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N57 | Economic History: Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries: Africa; Oceania |
| N60 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: General, International, or Comparative |
| N61 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N62 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N63 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N64 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Europe: 1913- |
| N65 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Asia including Middle East |
| N66 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N67 | Economic History: Manufacturing and Construction: Africa; Oceania |
| N70 | Economic History: Transport, International and Domestic Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: General, International, or Comparative |
| N71 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N72 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N73 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N74 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Europe: 1913- |
| N75 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Asia including Middle East |
| N76 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N77 | Economic History: Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services: Africa; Oceania |
| N80 | Micro-Business History: General, International, or Comparative |
| N81 | Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N82 | Micro-Business History: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N83 | Micro-Business History: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N84 | Micro-Business History: Europe: 1913- |
| N85 | Micro-Business History: Asia including Middle East |
| N86 | Micro-Business History: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N87 | Micro-Business History: Africa; Oceania |
| N90 | Regional and Urban History: General |
| N91 | Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913 |
| N92 | Regional and Urban History: U.S.; Canada: 1913- |
| N93 | Regional and Urban History: Europe: Pre-1913 |
| N94 | Regional and Urban History: Europe: 1913- |
| N95 | Regional and Urban History: Asia including Middle East |
| N96 | Regional and Urban History: Latin America; Caribbean |
| N97 | Regional and Urban History: Africa; Oceania |
| O00 | Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth |
| O10 | Economic Development: General |
| O11 | Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development |
| O12 | Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development |
| O13 | Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products |
| O14 | Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology |
| O15 | Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration |
| O16 | Economic Development: Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance |
| O17 | Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements |
| O18 | Economic Development: Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure |
| O19 | International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations |
| O20 | Development Planning and Policy: General |
| O21 | Planning Models; Planning Policy |
| O22 | Project Analysis |
| O23 | Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development |
| O24 | Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy; Factor Movement; Foreign Exchange Policy |
| O25 | Industrial Policy |
| O29 | Development Planning and Policy: Other |
| O30 | Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: General |
| O31 | Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives |
| O32 | Management of Technological Innovation and R&D |
| O33 | Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes |
| O34 | Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital |
| O35 | Social Innovation |
| O36 | Open Innovation |
| O38 | Technological Change: Government Policy |
| O39 | Technological Change: Other |
| O40 | Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General |
| O41 | One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models |
| O42 | Monetary Growth Models |
| O43 | Institutions and Growth |
| O44 | Environment and Growth |
| O47 | Empirical Studies of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence |
| O49 | Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: Other |
| O50 | Economywide Country Studies: General |
| O51 | Economywide Country Studies: U.S.; Canada |
| O52 | Economywide Country Studies: Europe |
| O53 | Economywide Country Studies: Asia including Middle East |
| O54 | Economywide Country Studies: Latin America; Caribbean |
| O55 | Economywide Country Studies: Africa |
| O56 | Economywide Country Studies: Oceania |
| O57 | Comparative Studies of Countries |
| P00 | Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems: General |
| P10 | Capitalist Economies: General |
| P11 | Capitalist Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform |
| P12 | Capitalist Enterprises |
| P13 | Cooperative Enterprises |
| P14 | Capitalist Economies: Property Rights |
| P16 | Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State |
| P17 | Capitalist Economies: Performance and Prospects |
| P18 | Energy; Environment |
| P19 | Capitalist Economies: Other |
| P20 | Socialist and Transition Economies: General |
| P21 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Planning, Coordination, and Reform |
| P22 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Prices |
| P23 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population |
| P24 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation |
| P25 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics |
| P26 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Property Rights |
| P27 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Performance and Prospects |
| P28 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Natural Resources; Energy; Environment |
| P29 | Socialist and Transitional Economies: Other |
| P30 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: General |
| P31 | Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions |
| P32 | Collectives; Communes; Agriculture |
| P33 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: International Trade, Finance, Investment, Relations, and Aid |
| P34 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Financial Economics |
| P35 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Public Economics |
| P36 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training: Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty |
| P37 | Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies: Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior |
| P39 | Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions: Other |
| P40 | Other Economic Systems: General |
| P41 | Other Economic Systems: Planning, Coordination, and Reform |
| P42 | Other Economic Systems: Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population |
| P43 | Other Economic Systems: Public Economics; Financial Economics |
| P44 | Other Economic Systems: National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation |
| P45 | Other Economic Systems: International Trade, Finance, Investment and Aid |
| P46 | Other Economic Systems: Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty |
| P47 | Other Economic Systems: Performance and Prospects |
| P48 | Other Economic Systems: Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies |
| P49 | Other Economic Systems: Other |
| P50 | Comparative Economic Systems: General |
| P51 | Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems |
| P52 | Comparative Studies of Particular Economies |
| P59 | Comparative Economic Systems: Other |
| Q00 | Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics: General |
| Q01 | Sustainable Development |
| Q02 | Commodity Markets |
| Q10 | Agriculture: General |
| Q11 | Agriculture: Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices |
| Q12 | Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets |
| Q13 | Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness |
| Q14 | Agricultural Finance |
| Q15 | Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment |
| Q16 | Agricultural R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services |
| Q17 | Agriculture in International Trade |
| Q18 | Agricultural Policy; Food Policy; Animal Welfare Policy |
| Q19 | Agriculture: Other |
| Q20 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: General |
| Q21 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply; Prices |
| Q22 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Fishery; Aquaculture |
| Q23 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Forestry |
| Q24 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Land |
| Q25 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water |
| Q26 | Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources |
| Q27 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade |
| Q28 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy |
| Q29 | Renewable Resources and Conservation: Other |
| Q30 | Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: General |
| Q31 | Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Demand and Supply; Prices |
| Q32 | Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development |
| Q33 | Resource Booms |
| Q34 | Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts |
| Q35 | Hydrocarbon Resources |
| Q37 | Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Issues in International Trade |
| Q38 | Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Government Policy |
| Q39 | Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation: Other |
| Q40 | Energy: General |
| Q41 | Energy: Demand and Supply; Prices |
| Q42 | Alternative Energy Sources |
| Q43 | Energy and the Macroeconomy |
| Q47 | Energy Forecasting |
| Q48 | Energy: Government Policy |
| Q49 | Energy: Other |
| Q50 | Environmental Economics: General |
| Q51 | Valuation of Environmental Effects |
| Q52 | Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects |
| Q53 | Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling |
| Q54 | Climate; Natural Disasters and Their Management; Global Warming |
| Q55 | Environmental Economics: Technological Innovation |
| Q56 | Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth |
| Q57 | Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology |
| Q58 | Environmental Economics: Government Policy |
| Q59 | Environmental Economics: Other |
| R00 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: General |
| R10 | General Regional Economics (includes Regional Data) |
| R11 | Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes |
| R12 | Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity |
| R13 | General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies |
| R14 | Land Use Patterns |
| R15 | General Regional Economics: Econometric and Input-Output Models; Other Models |
| R19 | General Regional Economics: Other |
| R20 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Household Analysis: General |
| R21 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Housing Demand |
| R22 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Other Demand |
| R23 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics |
| R28 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Government Policy |
| R29 | Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics: Household Analysis: Other |
| R30 | Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: General |
| R31 | Housing Supply and Markets |
| R32 | Other Spatial Production and Pricing Analysis |
| R33 | Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets |
| R38 | Production Analysis and Firm Location: Government Policy |
| R39 | Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location: Other |
| R40 | Transportation Economics: General |
| R41 | Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise |
| R42 | Transportation Economics: Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance, Transportation Planning |
| R48 | Transportation Economics: Government Pricing and Policy |
| R49 | Transportation Economics: Other |
| R50 | Regional Government Analysis: General |
| R51 | Finance in Urban and Rural Economies |
| R52 | Regional Government Analysis: Land Use and Other Regulations |
| R53 | Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock |
| R58 | Regional Development Planning and Policy |
| R59 | Regional Government Analysis: Other |
| Y10 | Data: Tables and Charts |
| Y20 | Introductory Material |
| Y30 | Book Reviews (unclassified) |
| Y40 | Dissertations (unclassified) |
| Y50 | Further Reading (unclassified) |
| Y60 | Excerpt |
| Y70 | No Author General Discussions |
| Y80 | Related Disciplines |
| Y90 | Miscellaneous Categories: Other |
| Y91 | Pictures and Maps |
| Y92 | Novels, Self-Help Books, etc. |
| Z00 | Other Special Topics: General |
| Z10 | Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology: General |
| Z11 | Cultural Economics: Economics of the Arts and Literature |
| Z12 | Cultural Economics: Religion |
| Z13 | Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification |
| Z18 | Cultural Economics: Public Policy |
| Z19 | Cultural Economics: Other |
| Z20 | Sports Economics: General |
| Z21 | Sports Economics: Industry Studies |
| Z22 | Sports Economics: Labor Issues |
| Z23 | Sports Economics: Finance |
| Z28 | Sports Economics: Policy |
| Z29 | Sports Economics: Other |
| Z30 | Tourism Economics: General |
| Z31 | Tourism: Industry Studies |
| Z32 | Tourism and Development |
| Z33 | Tourism: Marketing and Finance |
| Z38 | Tourism: Policy |
| Z39 | Tourism: Other |