The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette covered a 2015 study about the recent evolution of the U.S. steel industry in the American Economic Review. In Reallocation and Technology: Evidence from the US Steel Industry, authors Allan Collard-Wexler and Jan De Loecker find that new “minimill” technology took the steel industry by storm in the 1960s and 1970s, pushing less competitive firms out of business and forcing the rest to improve. The productivity gains in steelmaking in recent decades outstripped gains in almost every other industry (and left thousands of steelworkers out of work).