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The Long Slump

By Robert E. Hall

American Economic Review, April 2011

In a market-clearing economy, declines in demand from one sector do not cause large declines in aggregate output because other sectors expand. The key price mediating the response is the interest rate. A decline in the rate stimulates all categories of sp...

Vertical Relationships and Competition in Retail Gasoline Markets: Empirical Evidence from Contract Changes in Southern California: Reply

By Justine Hastings

American Economic Review, June 2010

In their comment, Taylor, Kreisle and Zimmerman use gasoline price data taken from fleet card transactions at selected gasoline stations to re-examine a subset of results presented in Hastings (2004). Bringing new data to re-examine the question is a help...

When Should Sellers Use Auctions?

By James W. Roberts and Andrew Sweeting

American Economic Review, August 2013

A bidding process can be organized so that offers are submitted simultaneously or sequentially. In the latter case, potential buyers can condition their behavior on previous entrants' decisions. The relative performance of these mechanisms is investiga...

Vertical Arrangements, Market Structure, and Competition: An Analysis of Restructured US Electricity Markets

By James B. Bushnell, Erin T. Mansur, and Celeste Saravia

American Economic Review, March 2008

This paper examines vertical arrangements in electricity markets. Vertically integrated wholesalers, or those with long-term contracts, have less incentive to raise wholesale prices when retail prices are determined beforehand. For three restructured m...

An Introduction to Vote-Counting Schemes

[Symposium: Economics of Voting]

By Jonathan Levin and Barry Nalebuff

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Winter 1995

Many researchers, following Kenneth Arrow's lead, have concerned themselves with stating various desirable or undesirable criteria and attempting to classify vote-counting systems. This paper moves away from theoretical discussions: the authors illustrate...

Why Tie a Product Consumers Do Not Use?

By Dennis W. Carlton, Joshua S. Gans, and Michael Waldman

American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, August 2010

We provide an explanation for tying not based on any of the standard arguments: efficiency, price discrimination, or exclusion. In our analysis a monopolist ties a complementary good to its monopolized good, but consumers do not use the tied good. The tie...