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The Economics of Speed: The Electrification of the Streetcar System and the Decline of Mom-and-Pop Stores in Boston, 1885–1905

By Wei You

American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, October 2021

Small firms dominated the American economy in the nineteenth century, and they still dominate in many developing economies today. This paper tests whether geographic market segmentation due to underdeveloped intracity transportation technology precludes t...

The Long-Run Impacts of Special Education

By Briana Ballis and Katelyn Heath

American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, November 2021

Over 13 percent of US students participate in special education (SE) programs annually, at a cost of $40 billion. However, due to selection issues the effect of SE placements remains unclear. This paper uses administrative data from Texas to examine the l...