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Fiscal Histories

[Symposium: The Size of Government Debt]

By John H. Cochrane

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Fall 2022

The fiscal theory states that inflation adjusts so that the real value of government debt equals the present value of real primary surpluses. Monetary policy remains important. The central bank can set an interest rate target, which determines the path of...

Facts and Fantasies about Wage Setting and Collective Bargaining

[Symposium: Labor Market Institutions]

By Manudeep Bhuller, Karl Ove Moene, Magne Mogstad, and Ola L. Vestad

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Fall 2022

In this article, we document and discuss salient features of collective bargaining systems in the OECD countries, with the goal of debunking some misconceptions and myths and revitalizing the general interest in wage setting and collective bargaining. We ...

Is There Any Future for a US Labor Movement?

[Symposium: Labor Market Institutions]

By Suresh Naidu

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Fall 2022

A recent flurry of labor movement activity has been driven by younger workers, tight labor markets, and a sympathetic federal government. Nonetheless, US union density remains low, even as unions remain popular. This is because employer opposition and US ...

The German Model of Industrial Relations: Balancing Flexibility and Collective Action

[Symposium: Labor Market Institutions]

By Simon Jäger, Shakked Noy, and Benjamin Schoefer

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Fall 2022

We give an overview of the "German model" of industrial relations. We organize our review by focusing on the two pillars of the model: sectoral collective bargaining and firm-level codetermination. Relative to the United States, Germany outsources colle...

Danish Flexicurity: Rights and Duties

[Symposium: Labor Market Institutions]

By Claus Thustrup Kreiner and Michael Svarer

Journal of Economic Perspectives, Fall 2022

Denmark is one of the richest countries in the world and achieves this in combination with low inequality, low unemployment, and high-income security. This performance is often attributed to the Danish labor market model characterized by what has become...